In this article, we will discuss the Medical Term For Heart Attack, Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Medical term for heart attack
Acute coronary syndrome or heart attack is a serious heart disorder when the heart muscle does not get blood flow. This condition interferes with the function of the heart in draining blood throughout the body. In the world of medicine, heart attacks are also referred to as a myocardial infarction, The Medical Term For Heart Attack.
Heart attacks occur due to inhibited blood flow to the heart muscle. The main cause of this condition is coronary heart disease, which clogs blood vessels that supply blood to the heart (coronary blood vessels), due to cholesterol deposits that form plaque in the walls of blood vessels.
The condition is exacerbated by the formation of blood clots, which can clog the total blood vessels and cause a heart attack.
Cause
Coronary artery
The most common cases of heart attacks are caused by a clot in the coronary artery that has been narrowed.
The narrowing is caused by the buildup of cholesterol and other fatty deposits that form atherosclerotic plaques. The plaque consists of a hard layer that may consist of calcium containing fat and essentially consists of soft cholesterol.
If the blood clot settles for more than 20 minutes – 2 hours, a heart attack will occur.
Blood Clot
Then, although rare, a heart attack can also occur due to the release of a blood clot from the inside of the sick heart, then stay inside the coronary artery.
Arterial contraction
Another rare cause of a heart attack is an arterial contraction that stops blood flowing into the heart. The influence of drugs such as co**caine can lead to such life-threatening contractions.
However, in addition, there are also some other conditions that can trigger a heart attack.
Aneurysm
This condition occurs due to a weakness in the walls of blood vessels that ultimately cannot withstand the blood pressure flowing through it.
Hypoxia
This condition is a lack of oxygen supply in the cells and tissues of the body. As a result, the body’s cells and tissues do not perform their normal functions.
Misuse of drugs
Neuro stimulant drugs can cause narrowing of coronary vessels, inhibit blood supply, and can trigger heart attacks.
Heart Attack Risk Factors
There are at least a few factors that can increase the risk of a heart attack. Examples:
- Alco**holic beverages.
- Age and gender.
- Foods that contain a lot of saturated fat.
- High blood pressure.
- Overweight.
- Air pollution.
- There is a history of high blood pressure while pregnant.
Heart Attack Symptoms
A person who has a heart attack will experience some complaints in his body. Here are some common symptoms during a heart attack.
- Restlessness and anxiety easily.
- Shortness of breath.
- There is pain in the chest.
- Pain in parts of the body, ranging from the left arm, jaw, neck, back, to abdomen.
- Feeling weak and dizzy.
Note that these symptoms are not always experienced by people who have a heart attack. Because, in some cases there are also people who do not experience any symptoms at all, even until the heart stops.
Cardiac arrest is caused by complications of a heart attack. In most cases, the condition occurs when the heart has a convulsion that causes seizures that will stop suddenly.
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Heart Attack Diagnosis
In determining the diagnosis of heart attack will be conducted anamnesis or detailed medical interviews regarding symptoms and physical examination. In addition, some additional checks can be performed, such as:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG), to see electrical activity in the heart
- Blood test (especially to check the heart enzymes that come out in case of muscle damage)
- Angiography.
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Heart Attack Treatment
The treatment of cases of heart attack depends very much on the period of time, i.e. From the beginning of the appearance of symptoms until the start time of treatment. Actions that can be done include:
- If symptoms are felt Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).
- If symptoms are felt
- If symptoms are felt > 12 hours, there are several options. Suppose PCI, drugs, bypass, and so on.
Some treatment options that can be offered include:
Medicines:
- Thrombolytics are useful for breaking down blood clots that clog arteries
- Blood thinners
- Anti-hypertension
- Anti-lipids, to lower cholesterol levels
- Other medications, according to your symptoms and health condition
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), balloon mounting to dilate clogged parts of the artery.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) or bypass
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) or bypass, i.e. The retrieval of blood vessels from other parts of the body and the installation of the heart area with the purpose of a bypass or cut the part of the coronary artery that cannot deliver blood.
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